URINARY SYSTEM. (HOW URINE MOVES OUTSIDE)

The urinary system consists of kidneys, bladder and tubes. This system acts as a filtering mechanism for the blood. Kidneys, bladder and tubes regularly control the amount of water and salts that are absorbed back into the blood and also what is taken out as waste.

Our body takes nutrients from food and uses them to maintain all functions of human body including energy and self repair. When our body gets what it needs from the food, waste elements are left behind in the blood and bowel. The urinary system removes a type of waste called urea our blood. Urea is produced when foods containing protein and different vegetables are broken down in the body. Urea reaches in the bloodstream to the kidneys.

Kidneys are found near the middle of the back. These are bean shaped organs. The size of kidney is like human fist. There many tiny filtering units in the kidneys called nephrons. The kidney remove urea from the blood through nephrons. There is found small capillaries in the nephron. These capillaries called glomerulus. Another small tube called renal tubule is found in the nephron. Urea, water and other substances forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules. Urine travels to the bladder through two thin tubes which are 8 to 10 inches long. These tubes are called ureters. Walls muscles in the ureters continuously force urine outside from the kidneys. Approximately from 10 to 15 seconds small amounts of urine are emptied into bladder from the ureters. The bladder is a shaped like a balloon. The bladder is found in our pelvis and is held in place by ligaments attached to other organs.          If someone tries to keep store urine, a kidney infection can develop. When a normal quantity of urine reaches in bladder, then we go to washroom to empty the bladder. When it is full of urine then it swells into a round shape and gets smaller when empty. The bladder can hold up to 2 cups of urine for to 2 to 5 hours in a healthy urinary system.  There are circular muscles that help keep urine from leaking. This circular muscles are called Sphincters. These sphincter muscles close tightly around the opening of the bladder in to tube (urethra) that allows urine to send outside the body.

As the bladder first fills with urine, you feel that you need to urinate. The sensation to urinate becomes stronger as the bladder fills more and reaches its last limit. When bladder becomes full then nerves from the bladder send message to the brain to empty the bladder. When you go to urinate, your brain order bladder muscles to tighten and at the same time, the brain signals the sphincter muscles to relax. At this time the urine exits the bladder. Normal urination occurs when all the signals occur correctly.

Pregnancy and its difficulties, tips for health during pregnancy.

If you have planned to start a family then you should fix an appointment with a gynaecologist or family doctor to ensure your good pregnancy health. If you are suffering from different diseases like asthma, obesity, hypertension, diabetes then doctor will give you right advice and treatment. You will have to make certain changes in your life that will be helpful for developing fetus.

Tips for healthy pregnancy

A pregnant female should always eat for two persons. During pregnancy always use extra food to get extra calories. Try to make diet as healthy as possible with maximum required amounts of fat, proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates and minerals. Many nutrients like iron, calcium, magnesium, folic etc are very essential during pregnancy.

Approximately 0.4mg folic acid is necessary per day. It improves proper growth of baby’s brain, spine and skull. Folic acid also decreases the risk of neural tube defects in fetus. Also use plenty of beans, citrus fruits, fresh vegetables, nuts, milk, and meat in your diet for best pregnancy health. Water is necessary for amniotic fluid so you should drink at least 8 glasses of water everyday. Many problems like high blood pressure, weakness etc. appears due to lack of water.

During pregnancy regular exercise is necessary and it improves health of fetus and women. Normally if you exercise 20 to 30 minutes, its fine for health. Early walk in the morning and evening time, ride a fixed bicycle and swimming are very nice exercises for pregnant women.

Don’t exercise with fast movements. These fast movements can leave negative effects on fetus. Don’t try to exercise in which you have to touch your toes or knees. After every exercise, try to drink more water to hydrate yourself. Try to continue these exercises after delivery to maintain your health and keep your body smart.

Some habits like drinking and smoking can harm your and your baby’s health. Especially alcohol leave bad effects to a growing fetus. It is often responsible for facial abnormalities and mental retardation in growing babies. If you use alcohol during pregnancy, the condition known as fetal alcohol syndrome can appear. If you want to have a healthy baby, then stop smoking. Smoking can cause weakness and have more chances of giving birth to babies with less weight.  During pregnancy try to avoid over the counter drugs as for as possible. Make it possible to remain in touch with your doctor. It is essential for a perfect pregnancy health to follow a balanced diet, exercise regularly and take the correct precautions. One more thing for perfect pregnancy health is, don’t’ take any tension and be happy.

FEMALE GENITAL ORGANS. (Reproductive Organs)

Female Genital Organ.

Female reproductive organs consists of many external and internal parts. The external parts are as follows.  

1. Labia Majora:

It is also called “large lips”. The labia majora protect the other external reproductive organs. This part is large and fleshy. This place is covered with hair after puberty. It can be compared to the scrotum in males. Some sweat and oil secreting glands are also found in the labia majora.

2. Labia Minora:

Labia minora is translated as “small lips”. Labia minora lie just inside the labia majora. It surround the opening to vagina. The vagina is a canal that connects the lower part of the uterus to the outside of body.  It also surrounds urethra which is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

3. Bartholin’s glands.

These glands are found beside the opening area of vagina. It produces mucus.

4. Clitoris:

Clitoris is a small and sensitive protrusion that can be compare to the penis in males. The both labia minora meet at the clitoris. it is covered by a fold of skin. This skin is called prepuce. It is similar to the foreskin at the end of the penis. The clitoris is very sensitive like penis. Its size become large because of any sexual effect. 

The internal reproductive organs found in the female are as follows.

1. Vagina.

It is like a canal that joins the lower part of uterus to the outside of the body. The lower part is also known as cervix. Another name of vagina is birth canal.

2. Ovaries:

Ovaries are found on the side of uterus. Ovaries are small in size and are oval shaped glands. These produce eggs and hormones.

3. Fallopian tubes:

The fallopian tubes are attached to the upper part of the uterus. It serves as tunnels for the egg cells to travel from the ovary to the uterus. The fertilization of egg normally occurs in the fallopian tubes. This egg then moves to the uterus. In uterus it implants into the lining of the uterine wall.

4. Uterus:

The uterus is divided into two parts. The first one is cervix. It is the lower part that opens into the vagina. The secondly the main body of the uterus called corpus. Corpus has elasticity. It can expand to hold a growing baby. A canal through the cervix allows sperm to enter. It is also allows menstrual blood to exit from the body.