I will tell you some common types of cancer. Also we will discuss about their treatments:
1. Breast Cancer
Description: It affects breast tissue, normally and commonly in female but can also occur in male.
Treatment:
- Surgery (lumpectomy)
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Hormone therapy (for hormone receptor-positive cancers)
- Targeted therapy (e.g., HER2 inhibitors like trastuzumab)
- Immunotherapy (in some cases)
2. Lung Cancer
Description: This type of cancer affects the lungs. Smoking is common cause but can also occur in non-smokers.
Treatment:
- Surgery (for early-stage cancer)
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy (e.g., EGFR inhibitors)
- Immunotherapy (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab)
3. Colorectal Cancer (Colon & Rectal Cancer)
Description: this type of cancer affects the colon or rectum, often starting as polyps.
Treatment:
- Surgery (colectomy or proctectomy)
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy (more common for rectal cancer)
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy (for some cases)
4. Prostate Cancer
Description: It affects the prostate gland in male.
Treatment:
- Active surveillance (for slow-growing tumors or cyst)
- Surgery (prostatectomy)
- Radiation therapy
- Hormone therapy (androgen deprivation therapy)
- Chemotherapy (for advanced cases)
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
5. Leukemia
Description: Cancer of the blood and bone marrow, affects white blood cells in human body.
Treatment:
- Chemotherapy (primary treatment)
- Targeted therapy
- Radiation therapy (in some cases)
- Stem cell transplant (bone marrow transplant)
- Immunotherapy
6. Lymphoma (Hodgkin’s & Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma)
Description: Cancer of the lymphatic system, affects lymph nodes.
Treatment:
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Stem cell transplant (for advanced cases)
7. Pancreatic Cancer
Description: This type of cancer affects the pancreas, (often it is diagnosed late.)
Treatment:
- Surgery (Whipple procedure for early-stage cases)
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy (for some cases)
8. Liver Cancer
Description: Liver cancer affects the liver, often due to hepatitis B/C or cirrhosis.
Treatment:
- Surgery (liver resection or transplant)
- Ablation therapy (radiofrequency or microwave ablation)
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
9. Ovarian Cancer
Description: It affects the ovaries. Mostly detected in later stages in many cases.
Treatment:
- Surgery (oophorectomy or debulking surgery)
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy (for some cases)
10. Brain Tumors (Glioblastoma, Astrocytoma, Meningioma, etc.)
Description: Very dangerous type of cancer that develops in the brain or spinal cord.
Treatment:
- Surgery (if operable)
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
11. Skin Cancer (Melanoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
Carcinoma)
Description: This type of cancer affets the skin, often caused by UV exposure.
Treatment:
- Surgery (excision, Mohs surgery)
- Radiation therapy
- Immunotherapy (for melanoma)
- Targeted therapy
- Topical treatments (for early-stage cases)
12. Bladder Cancer
Description: It affects the bladder lining, main cause is smoking.
Treatment:
- Surgery (transurethral resection, cystectomy)
- Chemotherapy
- Immunotherapy (e.g., BCG vaccine)
- Targeted therapy
13. Esophageal Cancer
Description: This type of cancer affects the esophagus. It is often
associated with acid reflux or smoking.
Treatment:
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
14. Kidney Cancer (Renal Cell Carcinoma)
Description: This type of cancer affects the kidneys. Main cause is
smoking or high blood pressure.
Treatment:
- Surgery (nephrectomy)
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Radiation therapy (for advanced cases)
15. Cervical Cancer
Description: It affects the cervix, normaly caused by HPV infection.
Treatment:
- Surgery
- Radiation therapy for early stages.
- Chemotherapy (for chronic stage)
- HPV vaccine (for prevention)
- Immunotherapy
- Emerging Treatments
- Immunotherapy: Uses the body’s immune system to cure cancer.
- Targeted Therapy: This type of therapy targets specific genetic mutations in cancer cells.
- CAR-T Cell Therapy: For blood cancers.
- Precision Medicine: Tailors treatment. It based on genetic profiling.
